Clinical Bulletin Galvanic Spa with Body Shaping Gel

Summarized from a third party professional assessment performed according to Good Clinical Practices and the Standard Operating Procedures of the organization. 2004 Nu Skin International, Inc., Provo, UT


INTRODUCTION

Excess adipose tissue, more commonly known as cellulite, is a condition about which relatively little is known. In medical literature, cellulite is known as adisposis edematosa, dermopanniculosis deformans, status protrusus cutis, and by several other medical terms.

Cellulite can be located anywhere on the body that contains excess subcutaneous fat and appears as uneven, bumpy skin texture often seen with side lighting of the affected area. Skin influenced by cellulite has been described as having an “orange peel” or “cottage cheese” appearance. Obesity is not necessary for the presence of cellulite since the pattern of adipose deposits that lead to cellulite may be genetically determined.

It is not commonly seen in men and certain areas are more likely than others. It is most commonly seen on the upper outer thighs, the posterior thighs (banana roll), and buttocks, but can also be seen on the breasts and upper arms.

The cause of cellulite deposits is unknown. Although the word cellulite means “cell inflammation,” cellulite cannot be considered a disease. It is considered a normal body change associated with puberty and it is estimated that 85% of females are afflicted with the condition.

It may be seen most often in women because the female subcutaneous fat is sequestered into discrete pockets by the presence of septa or separating membranes. The current theory holds that cellulite is an inflammatory process that results in breakdown of the collagen in the dermis leading to subcutaneous fat ruptures. The onset of cellulite with puberty has led some researchers to evaluate the effect of the elevated levels of collagenases and gelatinases that occur during menstruation.

Elevation of collagenases can cause the breakdown of the fibrillar collagens present in the dermis, and gelatinase elevation can lead to an influx of immune system cells that contribute to inflammation.

With repeated cyclical collagenase production, more and more dermal collagen is destroyed, resulting in the worsening of cellulite seen with age. When enough collagen is destroyed to weaken the dermis, it can rupture and allow fat to move between the structural fibrous septa found in female fat. If more fat is present, the rupture is larger. Because the dermal capillary network is damaged in the process, excess fluid is retained with the dermal and subcutaneous tissue further accentuating the appearance of cellulite.

This loss of the capillary network is thought to be due to engorged fat cells clumping together and inhibiting venous blood return.

Xanthine derivatives from plants can be effective against cellulite because they are able to stimulate the fat breakdown in adipocytes. Theobroma cacao (cocoa) extract containing theobromine from cocoa is very effective. Another plant extract from Chrysanthellum indicum can assist with increased fat breakdown (lipolysis) by linking the a2 adrenergic receptors together to prevent the generation of cellular signals that turn off lipolysis (fat breakdown).

Capillary and lymphatic circulation improvement can also assist with the treatment of cellulite. An extract of Chrysanthellum indicum can reduce edema and inflammation and promote tissue drainage and the elimination of toxins.



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